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Comparison of Research Designs Essay - 3986 Words

Comparison of Research Designs Capella University Comparison of Research Designs Template The following seven tables are part of a template that will guide you through the comparison of research designs assignment. The tables include: †¢ Descriptions of basic research designs. †¢ Types of basic research designs. †¢ Main characteristics. †¢ Followed steps. †¢ Appropriate usage. †¢ Purpose statement and sample questions. †¢ Associated research paradigms. This template directs you to portions of the course text, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Creswell, 2008). Each table includes chapter numbers†¦show more content†¦| |Ethnographic Designs |Pages 20-22 and |Ethnographic design is a qualitative research method in which the researcher is able to | | |Chapter 14. |investigate and describe a group (subgroup) of the population. Patterns within the population| | | |of those studied are highlighted. | |Narrative Research |Pages 20-22 and |Narrative Research design is a method of telling the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of | |Designs |Chapter 15. |one or two people. As a qualitative measure, participants’ stories are retold in a | | | |descriptive format. The narratives help to describe group behaviors or ideas. | |Mixed Methods Designs |Pages 20-22 and |Mixed methods designs combines qualitative and quantitative data. Data can be collected | | |Chapter 16. |simultaneously or sequentially when using mixed methods designs. The researcher must also | | | |decide whether to integrate or connect (use one to prove or support the other) the two sets of| | |Show MoreRelatedComparison of Research Design2594 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Descriptions of Basic Research Designs Research Design Families Creswell Text Reference Description Experimental Designs Pages 20-22 and Chapter 10. 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The condition is applied in the form of treatment and then reversal of the treatment is performedRead MoreQuantitative Research Design Critique Template899 Words   |  4 Pages NU310_Unit 5 Quantitative Research Design Critique Template â€Å"Quantitative studies usually focus on concepts that are fairly well developed, about which there is an existing body of evidence, and for which there are reliable methods of measurement† (Polit and Beck, 2012). I chose the Quantitative method of data collection for my research, because I want to determine the effective of regular instruction, face-to-face training, and follow-up on inhalation techniques in increasing treatment adherenceRead MoreQuasi-Experimental Designs Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesQuasi-Experimental Designs Milagros V. Mercado Walden University PSYC-3003-12 Methods in Psychological Inquiry Instructor: Meredith McKee 09/28/2011 Quasi-Experimental Designs According to (Stangor, 2011. pp. 274), quasi-experimental design is employed when there are two groups of people that cannot be assigned randomly to other groups. Also, in this type of design the variables cannot be manipulated as they would be in other types of experiments and the variables are measured ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of The NSCA OST Program798 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipating in the program on a scale of 1 to 5 (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). The research design and collected data show some internal validity limitations such as: †¢ Limited data sample size †¢ Construct validity: Data collection design partially captures what it intended to do †¢ Data was missing or were not collected †¢ No data on parents were captured †¢ No control group was created; therefore, no comparisons can be made between the OST program students and non-OST students outcomes. As a resultRead MoreApplied Research Essay example1494 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. 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Describe the type of research used in this study. Include whether it is qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods. Is it exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory? Be sure to justify your answers. This study was comprised of mixed methods in that there were observations, interviews utilized to gather data, but there was also a clearly stated hypothesis in which the researcher was seeking to answer. This study was explanatory as it sought to further support the

People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia Free Essays

string(19) " change of life 2\." People’s attitude towards abortion in Australia Abstract: The hypothesis, â€Å"It is apparent that in Australia people are not supportive of abortion. † would be tested in the report. The aim of it was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background. We will write a custom essay sample on People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now A questionnaire about justified reasons, legalization and values on abortion was constructed and the target group would be 20 international students and 20 local Australians. The international students were mainly Chinese, and a few from South-East Asia. Though most participants did not have a really strong stance of supporting abortion or not, when there were further questions about Pro-choice behaviour and legalization of abortion, it was discovered that participants were actually in respect of freedom of choice, and agreed that abortion should be legalized. Therefore it could be said that comparing the 2 sides, participants were rather supportive to abortion. Based on the results, extended researches covering a larger target group which could mostly represent different cultural groups could be conducted to test whether abortion was really generally acceptable or not or could it be legalized under all cases. Introduction Abortion had been a controversial issue for hundreds of years, discussions and debates were always held to argue whether it should or should not be declared legal. This issue was crucial at all time because the attitude towards it were mainly influenced by various important values of life like morality, human rights and freedom of choice, adding that they were the key factors to determine whether it should be declared legal. â€Å"Abortion can be defined as the expulsion or removal of an embryo or foetus from the uterus of the pregnant mother† (Blade, 2008). It could be divided into two types. First, the â€Å"spontaneous abortion† occurs when the mother’s body ejects the foetus due to different reasons, usually natural ones (without human effort). This report focused on another type of abortion, â€Å"induced abortion†. This was what people usually mean when they use the word abortion. In other words, it was the â€Å"termination of pregnancy†. After the Federation in 1901, abortion was handled by the British Offences Against the Person Act of 1861. In the act, abortion was illegal , no matter under what circumstances. However, since then, abortion would be legal in some cases under the law. For instance, Natasha,(1998), suggested that under the McGuire ruling (1986) in Queensland, abortion could only be legalized when the mother was in threat that abortion could preserve her life or health. Another case that abortion could be legalized was that if the newborn baby would die immediately or within a short period. For the current legislation about it in Queensland under the Queensland Criminal Code, the viewpoint remained similar that the court would prohibit abortion unless the mothers life or health is in danger. Though, it did not reveal any response on the change of attitudes of people towards abortion. The aim of the report was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background(international students versus local Australians). It appeared that nowadays more and more people were supportive to abortion. This view would be supported by the results from survey and then a discussion part of it would be included and at last the conclusion and recommendation would be formulated. Methodology: Questionnaires about the attitudes of abortion of people were used to collect data for the report. A qualitative methodology was used. The reason for choosing it was because the report focused more on depth, rather than quantity. According to the Family Health International (2005), a qualitative research provided information about the â€Å"human† side of an issue, which was often contradictory. It could also interpret the complex reality or create a better understanding to a specific situation and the implications of the qualitative data. Another important point was that it could help identify intangible factors (age, gender, nationality, religion, etc) in the report. These factors were the keys that influence a person’s attitude toward the issue. The emphasis of the questionnaire was to understand participant’s standpoints for or against abortion, therefore 10 out of 14 questions were about their opinion, the rest were 3 attribute questions and 1 knowledge question. The total number of participants was 40. There were altogether 20 international students studying in Australia and 20 local Australians completed the questionnaire. Among the participants, 23 of them were female and 17 were male. In the student group, 2 of them were under or below 18 and 18 were at the age of 19 to 30. Among the local Australians, 6 of them were between 31-45 and another 14 were 45 or above. A point to note was that for the international students, 15 of them were Chinese. To make sure the information would be kept secret, no questions were about identity or other private information. The questionnaires were given out in two ways. The first way was to distribute them at school and at homes, and another way was to distribute them through the internet. Participants were quite interested to the questionnaire as they thought that it was a controversial issue. However in the process, participants found confused with the last open-ended question about the relationship between culture, age and abortion as it was not required to state reasons but lines were given. Moreover, due to a lack of time in completing the questionnaire, i. e. in 5 or 10 minutes, the data collected might be distorted. Results: The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out the attitudes of people in Australia towards abortion. Questions were divided into 3 main categories: justified reasons for abortion, legalization of abortion and viewpoints and value towards abortion. For the justified reasons for abortion, a total of 8 choices were given to participants and they could choose more than one answers, including: 1. psychological reasons e. g. resisting abrupt change of life 2. You read "People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia" in category "Papers" economic reasons e. g. financial burden of raising children 3. unwanted babies e. g. pregnant in mistake 4. caused by rapes 5. unready for responsibility 6. as problems with relationship or wants to avoid single parenthood 7. mother has health problems 8. has already all the children she wanted or all children are grown From the questionnaire, participants thought that the most justified reasons for abortion were â€Å"economic reasons† and â€Å"pregnancies caused by rapes†, both of them make 62. 5% of the total. The next would be â €Å"unready for responsibility† (35%), â€Å"unwanted babies† (32. 5%), â€Å"mother has health problems† (30%), â€Å"problem for relationship or wants to avoid single parenthood† (22. 5%), â€Å"psychological reasons† (12. %) and the least justified reason would be â€Å"has already children she wanted or all children are grown† (10%). For another category, legalization of abortion, there was an open-ended question asking the participants about one pros and cons of abortion. For the pros, there were several main ideas. First, people thought that after legalization of abortion, risks could be reduced as people no longer find doctors with no license to abort. Secondly, it would a respect to freedom of choice of people. Thirdly, there would be fewer children grown up in an unstable environment. For the cons, people also got similar ideas, for instance, abortion was against the respect of life, i. e. killing innocent life. Also, people could be more irresponsible as they could abort legally. For the last category, viewpoints and values towards abortion, 6 questions were raised. Majorities believed that abortion was becoming common nowadays (25% strongly agree, 50% agree). For the question about whether the people’s views towards abortion was changing, bigger part of them agree with the statement (20%strongly agree, 40% agree) buy quite a number of people maintained neutral (32. %). For the question â€Å" it is inhuman and should be banned†, the 2 sides were almost balanced (5% strongly agree, 32. 5% agree versus 7. 5%strongly disagree and 37. 5% disagree), about 17. 5% people chose to be neutral. In the question of freedom of choice, it was quite one-sided that it should be highly respected (40% for both strongly agree or agree, adding up to 80%). Asking about if it was acceptable in all cases, disagreement (20% strongly disagree, 42. 5% disagree) was more than agreement (32. 5% agree). Though, quite a lot of people thought that they would have different views upon abortion in different cases (35% strongly agree, 32. 5% agree). For the last open-ended question about the relationship between age, culture and views towards abortion, the main ideas of the participants were that aged people, i. e. age group of 45 or above, would be more conservative and therefore have a negative view upon abortion. Moreover, they thought that people with different culture, particularly â€Å"westerners† in the Chinese’s eyes, would be more open and accept the idea of abortion. Discussion and conclusion: The aim of the report was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background (international students versus local Australians). From the results, we could see that many participants did not have a really strong stance of supporting abortion or not, only a few do. For instance, about 70% of the participants agreed that they would have different views upon abortion in different cases. The most â€Å"justified† cases would be pregnancies by rapes and economic reasons (It was logical that according to Thomson Reuters (2009), an income group of US$39,100 – $65,800 would need a total of $170,460 a year to raise up a children form 0 to 17 year old). Yet, there were enough data to test the hypothesis. There were data supporting the hypothesis. From the results, participants who did not fully support abortion were mainly female or Chinese, whom thought that abortion was inhuman and should be banned. The number made up 32. 5% of the total participants. The reason behind was that female themselves would have real experiences in giving birth so they would have deeper thoughts than male. For Chinese participants, they were young but at the same time they were also deeply influenced by a traditional style of education. The curriculum focused on teaching people to have right values stated by the Confucius and other great figures. According to Vivien (2006), the vice president for education at the Asia Society, china should move away from the traditional forms of practices and adopt a broader curriculum to achieve the goal of becoming a real modern society. Despite there were data supporting the hypothesis, it was in a small proportion. We could find more data that was contrary to it. It also proved that people at older ages might not be conservative. Participants, mostly Australians (mostly aged 45 or above), were rather Pro-Choice. It was because of the trend of abortion. It was becoming more and more common. According to a table drawn by Wm Robert Johnson (2008), the abortion percentage rose from 15. 6% in 1984 to 21. 5% in 2006 in Australia. It might also be because of the cultural background. Comparing to country like China, westernized countries emphasized more on freedom of people. From the results, there were 32. 5% of the total participants who thought abortion was acceptable at all cases. Most importantly, over 80% of them agreed that people should respect the mother’s decision. The data was supported by a report by Monash University (2002). It included a survey on AES voters and candidates (about 2000 people are surveyed a year) about their attitudes towards abortion, from 1987 to 2001. The percentage of people choosing the criteria â€Å" Woman should be able to obtain an abortion readily when they want one† rose from 38% to 59% from 1987 to 2001. On the other hand, the percentage of people choosing the criteria â€Å"abortion should not be allowed under any circumstances† dropped from 6% to 3% in that period. Another evidence was that when participants were asked about whether abortion should be legalized, 65% of them thought that it should be legalized. From the above, we could understand the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, at different ages and cultural background. Though people did not have a strong stance of supporting abortion or not, we could find more evidence showing that people were actually more Pro-Choice than Pro-Life, in other words they would be more supportive to abortion, especially in recent years where abortion was more commonly found. Recommendations: Concerning the implications of the report findings, it was quite obvious that more people in Australia were actually supportive to abortion, based on their Pro-Choice attitude and the agreement of legalizing abortion. The scale and the target groups of the report were small that might distort the real opinion throughout the country. However, based on the report findings, extended researches could be done in examining whether abortion was generally acceptable or not and the possibility to further legalize abortion, as participants of the questionnaire could already clearly state some pros and cons of legalizing abortion. The research should cover a larger target group as Australia was rather multi-cultural. People in different culture could have their views in according to the religion, which was also important in this issue and not discussed in this report. To conclude, though the report did not represent most age and cultural groups in Australia, it could be the basis of further research in testing whether legalizing abortion was possible. References: Blade 2001, â€Å"Should abortion be legalized in Queensland, Australia? †, Available at http://www. bladesplace. id. au/abortion-law-queensland. html C. Natasha 1998, â€Å"Abortion law in Australia†, Law and Bills Digest Group Family Health International 2005, â€Å"Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide†, p. 1-2 â€Å"People and Place† 2004, Monash University, vol 12, no. 4 , p. 25 S. Vivien, E. Owens 2006, â€Å"Education Abroad: The China Syndrome†, Edutopia magazine Thomson Reuters 2009, â€Å"The cost of raising children†, available at: http://moneycentral. msn. com/articles/family/kids/tlkidscost. asp Wm. Robert Johnson 2008, â€Å"Historical abortion statistics† available at: http://www. johnstonsarchive. net/policy/abortion/australia/ab-aust-qld. html How to cite People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia, Papers

Work Life Flexibility Replaces Work life - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Work Life Flexibility Replaces Work life Balance. Answer: Introduction Work life life balance is the proper engagement between the work, career and ambition and other things in life and lifestyle such as health, spending time with family, nurturing the hobbies and spiritual development through meditation. Whereas flexible working is the new way of maintaining work life balance. Flexible working means that a person in a company do work at any point of time. In todays world the work has become such a level that it requires to work may be all over the week. In that case flexible hour working is necessary. In this report there will be portrayal of the new methods adopted by the employees . Then there will be explanation of behavior of the human resource managers in unconventional methods (Agarwala et al. 2014). Then there will be the decisions and the implications of the leaders and the managers of the organization in this case. There are certain reasons for which flexible working has come into existent. The first thing is to improve the productivity of the company or organization. It will also lead to the better sustenance of the potential employees. It will lead to the reduction of the stress and tiredness of the employees. It will help the employees of the employees to spend time with family and friends. It will also permit the employees to nurture his or her passions. Thus, in short it will enable the employees to maintain the work-balance life. Thus, there will be less absentees of the employees in the organization. Moreover the company will have better customer service for these perspectives and consequently the employees will be committed to the organization. The human resources of the company will be enriched due to this decision. Different new methods adopted by the employees In this modern period one cannot expect a single shift of working. The business of any organization or companies have to interact with the clients and other business partners . Hence, in that context employees faces various challenges in the workplace and it becomes very difficult for the employees to give time to family, his or her own health and time for ones health. So, in order to solve this important issue the flexible working hour has been the new methods to solve this issue. Otherwise poor working balance leads to certain problems like the employee has to leave the job or become socially detached for excessive workplace. There are various types of flexible type of working :- The first one is the flexi time. Flexi time can be operated in different ways varying on the business requirements. On the other way there must be a procedure to permit employees to build up additional hours, which can be used to leave early, come in late, or take longer periods off, with the permission of the managers. For example in call centre the timings of the staffs are arranged in different times because the type of this business is not restricted to only one shift and the employees must also need time to maintain a work-life-balance. In this case the employees can also select the working time according to their convenience. The other type of flexible working is part time working. Part-time work is the most common type of flexible working. Part time working includes any sort of arrangement where the employee is contracted to work less than the full time hours and there is no obligation or any contract for it. The potential benefits of part time working leads to the employees to chose shifts according to their own choice. They can dedicate their time to other commitments and responsibilities. They do not have to obligate just like the permanent employees. But there lies a problem that they do not have any surety of their jobs. Another important feature is the job sharing where two people share the jobs . They share the pay and benefits in proportion to the hours each works. Joint workers or partners may work split days, split weeks or alternate weeks. It has been observed many times that the successful collaborators and partners jointly handle many large projects. It helps them to divide their work according to the potential of the workers. The benefit of this type of working is that when one person is at holiday then the other person can look after the work. It helps the employee to work without stress due to the sharing of the work. Another type of hour is annualized hours system is where the total number of hours to be worked over the year is fixed but there is flexibility over the employees daily and weekly working patterns. Typically, the times an employee is contracted to work are split into set shifts which cover the majority of the year unallocated shifts which the employee can be asked to work at short notice In some systems the employee is paid for unallocated shifts and owes the time to the company (Bader, Froese and Kraeh 2016). The company holds these hours or payback shifts in reserve and can ask employees to work them at short notice, to cover for colleagues or to cope with a peak in demand. The term 'zero hours' is generally understood to be an employment contract between an employer and a worker, where the employer is not obliged to provide the worker with any minimum hours of work. Moreover the flexible worker is not obliged to accept any hours of work that are offered to them (Golden, Chung and Sweet 2016). There is another type of flexible work which is named as Zero hours' contracts to meet a temporary or changeable need for staff. Zero hours contracts may be appropriate for some people who want occasional earnings and are able to be entirely flexible about when they work. Home working is also considered as another type of working when an employee regularly carries out all, or part of, their duties from home rat her than the employers premises. It could also be done occasionally or it could be a full time arrangement. Hence, it can be said that in todays world due to the improvement in technological aspects it is easy to do work from home (Lyonette 2013) . Hence it allows every person to balance his or her work working with the other responsibilities and commitments of life. However, flexible working is very fruitful and appropriate in todays world. But there are also some cons in this respect. The employees sometimes fail to maintain a balance while they are doing flexible work (Galea, Houkes and De Rijk 2014. There is an additional pressure on the employees who are not at all interested to do flexible work. Sometimes the employees are forced to do work which deteriorates the quality of services provided to the customers. There are some problem in communication when the employees do work from the home. Another factor is risk of undermanned of the staff when there is no business in the organization (Perlow. and Kelly 2014) . Inspite of this limitation there are importance of flexible working in nowadays. In that juncture the planning and policies of human resource managers and the contribution and the motivation of the leaders are very necessary. New Methods Implemented by the HRM In this time human resource managers must imply some different and strategic policies in order to maintain the flexible life working. They are :- The human resource managers of the company totally looks after the human resources of the company. It depends upon the human resource managers to a arge extent that how they will tackle the situation of the employees or the labourers of any factory ( Lewis et al. 2016) . The Human resource managers must listen the problems of the employees carefully and then take the proper decisions for them. The priority should be given according to the needs f each employee (Galea, Houkes and De Rijk 2014) . If necessary, they must consult with the managers in order to take exact decisions for it. The hr managers must provide look after the safety and security of the employees in that case he or she must be very particular about the policies of the employees. The arrangement and staffing of the employees is technically done by the hr managers. Hence, in that situation the hr managers must talk with the supervisor in order to deal with the situation (Skinner et al. 2014) . The hr managers must observe and supervise the facts that employee who are doing flexible shifts and part time jobs are not exploited in terms of doing extra work. Employees who are working from home needs proper communication and technological help in the home , in that situation it is very much important for the hr managers to look after this problem (Gangwisch 2014). The hr managers must also consider and help to grant certain leaves such as periodic leave. Periodic leave is granted to members of the staff of the organization who have served not less three years in a cooperation (Nam 2014) . It can be considered that the full payment of salary, pension and national insurance is continued , but this type of grant is mainly restricted to people who are in academic field (Zheng et al. 2015). There is another type of special leave with pay which is granted for very short time to attend meetings of learned societies, give papers at the conference and similar other purposes (Davies 2014). So, in present days it duty of the hr managers to look after these factors so that the employees can gain a proper life balance and also it enables the company to sustain valuable employee (Poggesi, Mari and De Vita 2015) . Implication of the Leaders and the Managers The leaders and the managers of the company plays the most vital role in a company or any organization. The leaders and managers are different types. Some leaders are mainly power wielders and profit-seeking . It is very much true that the leaders will focus on the profit and product generation of the company. But they must consider certain facts of life which is closely related to the different policies and features of corporate social responsibility (Shagvaliyeva and Yazdanifard 2014). The corporate social responsibility is inclusive of promoting work, family and community integration is an important part of corporate social responsibility which that is gaining prominence in many organization (Paul, Dutta and Saha 2015) . This is because businesses are having to recognize their impact and their force for change in much broader arena which was not issue of matter in the conventional business strategies . Work-life balance is one of the important aspect of the corporate social respon sibility (Lee, Back and Chan 2015 ). This is because this is not only related to the benefit of the organization only, it is highly connected to the wider thought process of not only does it impact on important organizational issues such as workforce diversity, it also has obvious linkages with the wider society. Employees are more than just valuable members of an organization or company , they also often have different purposes and roles within the community which are threatened when the particular organization puts unreasonable demands on their time (Smeaton, Ray and Knight 2015). A research conducted by the Roffley Park can be said that the the employees of the organization not only needs to spend time and carry out responsibilities regarding the friends and the employees but they also need to contribute to society by working in the charities (Cahill et al. 2015). This is inclusive of corporate social responsibility Flexible working is one of the option for the work-life balance and thus the term has been considered as work-life flexible working. In that circumstances sometimes flexible working creates pressure over the employees due the increasing in the productivity of the company (Yadav and Dabhade 2014). Hence in those circumstances it is very much significant for the leaders and the employees to thing about the benefits and interests of the employees. In emergency cases it is appropriate for the employees to work hard more. Otherwise it is not at all right to create pressure over the employees. Hence it depends on the leaders that in what ways they will tackle the situation. The leaders must also look after the moral an d ethical culture of the company in order to see that during the office hour the work is done in a proper way So, that the leaders and the managers can deliver adequate quantity of time for maintaining a work balance life. During the hours of flexible working .sometimes the managers are not present there, in that situation managers must recruit other leaders so that the work is done in a proper manner and the employees do not have to do extra work and it create anarchy and problem in the work place (Kim 2014) . Another crucial thing is according to different surveys and studies if the leaders and the managers of any organization does not give s excessive importance of work . But they also gives values on spending time with family and friends, and it is very much responsible in doing some charitable works then it is obvious that they will implement same policies in context to working. Research presented at the 2001 British Psychological Society conference demonstrated that senior executives who can work flexibly perform better than full-time managers do (Smith, Smith and Brower 2016). There is another study, which reflected the facts that the managers rated 70% of flexible workers higher than full-time colleagues and their own output in previous full-time work. Job sharers were also rated very positively, whereby 7 0% of job sharing executives were perceived to have 30% increased output over one person doing the same job. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the work life flexibility which is maintaining the work-life-balance depends largely on the attitude of the leaders and the managers of a company. Basically, it depends on their strategies and plans and policies of the leaders and the managers that whether the employees of the organization will able to get a s healthy lifestyle or not. Another recent research report which explored the role managers play in work-life balance in Canada which concluded that good managers are key to helping employees cope with the daily struggle of trying to balance the demands of work and home. The research, conducted by The Conference Board of Canada, highlighted the role of managers as the translators of the corporate culture and as gatekeepers to flexible work options and innovative family-friendly policies. In the Conference Board study, Canadian workers who reported having a supervisor who was sensitive to their personal/family needs had significantly higher levels of job satisfaction. They also reported missing fewer days of work than those whose supervisors were not sensitive. Reference Agarwala, T., Arizkuren-Eleta, A., Del Castillo, E., Muniz-Ferrer, M. and Gartzia, L., 2014. Influence of managerial support on worklife conflict and organizational commitment: an international comparison for India, Peru and Spain.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(10), pp.1460-1483. Bader, A.K., Froese, F.J. and Kraeh, A., 2016. Clash of Cultures? German Expatriates' Work?Life Boundary Adjustment in South Korea.European Management Review. Cahill, K.E., McNamara, T.K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M. and Valcour, M., 2015. 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