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Comparison of Research Designs Essay - 3986 Words

Comparison of Research Designs Capella University Comparison of Research Designs Template The following seven tables are part of a template that will guide you through the comparison of research designs assignment. The tables include: †¢ Descriptions of basic research designs. †¢ Types of basic research designs. †¢ Main characteristics. †¢ Followed steps. †¢ Appropriate usage. †¢ Purpose statement and sample questions. †¢ Associated research paradigms. This template directs you to portions of the course text, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Creswell, 2008). Each table includes chapter numbers†¦show more content†¦| |Ethnographic Designs |Pages 20-22 and |Ethnographic design is a qualitative research method in which the researcher is able to | | |Chapter 14. |investigate and describe a group (subgroup) of the population. Patterns within the population| | | |of those studied are highlighted. | |Narrative Research |Pages 20-22 and |Narrative Research design is a method of telling the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of | |Designs |Chapter 15. |one or two people. As a qualitative measure, participants’ stories are retold in a | | | |descriptive format. The narratives help to describe group behaviors or ideas. | |Mixed Methods Designs |Pages 20-22 and |Mixed methods designs combines qualitative and quantitative data. Data can be collected | | |Chapter 16. |simultaneously or sequentially when using mixed methods designs. The researcher must also | | | |decide whether to integrate or connect (use one to prove or support the other) the two sets of| | |Show MoreRelatedComparison of Research Design2594 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Descriptions of Basic Research Designs Research Design Families Creswell Text Reference Description Experimental Designs Pages 20-22 and Chapter 10. 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The condition is applied in the form of treatment and then reversal of the treatment is performedRead MoreQuantitative Research Design Critique Template899 Words   |  4 Pages NU310_Unit 5 Quantitative Research Design Critique Template â€Å"Quantitative studies usually focus on concepts that are fairly well developed, about which there is an existing body of evidence, and for which there are reliable methods of measurement† (Polit and Beck, 2012). I chose the Quantitative method of data collection for my research, because I want to determine the effective of regular instruction, face-to-face training, and follow-up on inhalation techniques in increasing treatment adherenceRead MoreQuasi-Experimental Designs Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesQuasi-Experimental Designs Milagros V. Mercado Walden University PSYC-3003-12 Methods in Psychological Inquiry Instructor: Meredith McKee 09/28/2011 Quasi-Experimental Designs According to (Stangor, 2011. pp. 274), quasi-experimental design is employed when there are two groups of people that cannot be assigned randomly to other groups. Also, in this type of design the variables cannot be manipulated as they would be in other types of experiments and the variables are measured ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of The NSCA OST Program798 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipating in the program on a scale of 1 to 5 (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). The research design and collected data show some internal validity limitations such as: †¢ Limited data sample size †¢ Construct validity: Data collection design partially captures what it intended to do †¢ Data was missing or were not collected †¢ No data on parents were captured †¢ No control group was created; therefore, no comparisons can be made between the OST program students and non-OST students outcomes. As a resultRead MoreApplied Research Essay example1494 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. 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Describe the type of research used in this study. Include whether it is qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods. Is it exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory? Be sure to justify your answers. This study was comprised of mixed methods in that there were observations, interviews utilized to gather data, but there was also a clearly stated hypothesis in which the researcher was seeking to answer. This study was explanatory as it sought to further support the

People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia Free Essays

string(19) " change of life 2\." People’s attitude towards abortion in Australia Abstract: The hypothesis, â€Å"It is apparent that in Australia people are not supportive of abortion. † would be tested in the report. The aim of it was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background. We will write a custom essay sample on People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now A questionnaire about justified reasons, legalization and values on abortion was constructed and the target group would be 20 international students and 20 local Australians. The international students were mainly Chinese, and a few from South-East Asia. Though most participants did not have a really strong stance of supporting abortion or not, when there were further questions about Pro-choice behaviour and legalization of abortion, it was discovered that participants were actually in respect of freedom of choice, and agreed that abortion should be legalized. Therefore it could be said that comparing the 2 sides, participants were rather supportive to abortion. Based on the results, extended researches covering a larger target group which could mostly represent different cultural groups could be conducted to test whether abortion was really generally acceptable or not or could it be legalized under all cases. Introduction Abortion had been a controversial issue for hundreds of years, discussions and debates were always held to argue whether it should or should not be declared legal. This issue was crucial at all time because the attitude towards it were mainly influenced by various important values of life like morality, human rights and freedom of choice, adding that they were the key factors to determine whether it should be declared legal. â€Å"Abortion can be defined as the expulsion or removal of an embryo or foetus from the uterus of the pregnant mother† (Blade, 2008). It could be divided into two types. First, the â€Å"spontaneous abortion† occurs when the mother’s body ejects the foetus due to different reasons, usually natural ones (without human effort). This report focused on another type of abortion, â€Å"induced abortion†. This was what people usually mean when they use the word abortion. In other words, it was the â€Å"termination of pregnancy†. After the Federation in 1901, abortion was handled by the British Offences Against the Person Act of 1861. In the act, abortion was illegal , no matter under what circumstances. However, since then, abortion would be legal in some cases under the law. For instance, Natasha,(1998), suggested that under the McGuire ruling (1986) in Queensland, abortion could only be legalized when the mother was in threat that abortion could preserve her life or health. Another case that abortion could be legalized was that if the newborn baby would die immediately or within a short period. For the current legislation about it in Queensland under the Queensland Criminal Code, the viewpoint remained similar that the court would prohibit abortion unless the mothers life or health is in danger. Though, it did not reveal any response on the change of attitudes of people towards abortion. The aim of the report was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background(international students versus local Australians). It appeared that nowadays more and more people were supportive to abortion. This view would be supported by the results from survey and then a discussion part of it would be included and at last the conclusion and recommendation would be formulated. Methodology: Questionnaires about the attitudes of abortion of people were used to collect data for the report. A qualitative methodology was used. The reason for choosing it was because the report focused more on depth, rather than quantity. According to the Family Health International (2005), a qualitative research provided information about the â€Å"human† side of an issue, which was often contradictory. It could also interpret the complex reality or create a better understanding to a specific situation and the implications of the qualitative data. Another important point was that it could help identify intangible factors (age, gender, nationality, religion, etc) in the report. These factors were the keys that influence a person’s attitude toward the issue. The emphasis of the questionnaire was to understand participant’s standpoints for or against abortion, therefore 10 out of 14 questions were about their opinion, the rest were 3 attribute questions and 1 knowledge question. The total number of participants was 40. There were altogether 20 international students studying in Australia and 20 local Australians completed the questionnaire. Among the participants, 23 of them were female and 17 were male. In the student group, 2 of them were under or below 18 and 18 were at the age of 19 to 30. Among the local Australians, 6 of them were between 31-45 and another 14 were 45 or above. A point to note was that for the international students, 15 of them were Chinese. To make sure the information would be kept secret, no questions were about identity or other private information. The questionnaires were given out in two ways. The first way was to distribute them at school and at homes, and another way was to distribute them through the internet. Participants were quite interested to the questionnaire as they thought that it was a controversial issue. However in the process, participants found confused with the last open-ended question about the relationship between culture, age and abortion as it was not required to state reasons but lines were given. Moreover, due to a lack of time in completing the questionnaire, i. e. in 5 or 10 minutes, the data collected might be distorted. Results: The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out the attitudes of people in Australia towards abortion. Questions were divided into 3 main categories: justified reasons for abortion, legalization of abortion and viewpoints and value towards abortion. For the justified reasons for abortion, a total of 8 choices were given to participants and they could choose more than one answers, including: 1. psychological reasons e. g. resisting abrupt change of life 2. You read "People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia" in category "Papers" economic reasons e. g. financial burden of raising children 3. unwanted babies e. g. pregnant in mistake 4. caused by rapes 5. unready for responsibility 6. as problems with relationship or wants to avoid single parenthood 7. mother has health problems 8. has already all the children she wanted or all children are grown From the questionnaire, participants thought that the most justified reasons for abortion were â€Å"economic reasons† and â€Å"pregnancies caused by rapes†, both of them make 62. 5% of the total. The next would be â €Å"unready for responsibility† (35%), â€Å"unwanted babies† (32. 5%), â€Å"mother has health problems† (30%), â€Å"problem for relationship or wants to avoid single parenthood† (22. 5%), â€Å"psychological reasons† (12. %) and the least justified reason would be â€Å"has already children she wanted or all children are grown† (10%). For another category, legalization of abortion, there was an open-ended question asking the participants about one pros and cons of abortion. For the pros, there were several main ideas. First, people thought that after legalization of abortion, risks could be reduced as people no longer find doctors with no license to abort. Secondly, it would a respect to freedom of choice of people. Thirdly, there would be fewer children grown up in an unstable environment. For the cons, people also got similar ideas, for instance, abortion was against the respect of life, i. e. killing innocent life. Also, people could be more irresponsible as they could abort legally. For the last category, viewpoints and values towards abortion, 6 questions were raised. Majorities believed that abortion was becoming common nowadays (25% strongly agree, 50% agree). For the question about whether the people’s views towards abortion was changing, bigger part of them agree with the statement (20%strongly agree, 40% agree) buy quite a number of people maintained neutral (32. %). For the question â€Å" it is inhuman and should be banned†, the 2 sides were almost balanced (5% strongly agree, 32. 5% agree versus 7. 5%strongly disagree and 37. 5% disagree), about 17. 5% people chose to be neutral. In the question of freedom of choice, it was quite one-sided that it should be highly respected (40% for both strongly agree or agree, adding up to 80%). Asking about if it was acceptable in all cases, disagreement (20% strongly disagree, 42. 5% disagree) was more than agreement (32. 5% agree). Though, quite a lot of people thought that they would have different views upon abortion in different cases (35% strongly agree, 32. 5% agree). For the last open-ended question about the relationship between age, culture and views towards abortion, the main ideas of the participants were that aged people, i. e. age group of 45 or above, would be more conservative and therefore have a negative view upon abortion. Moreover, they thought that people with different culture, particularly â€Å"westerners† in the Chinese’s eyes, would be more open and accept the idea of abortion. Discussion and conclusion: The aim of the report was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background (international students versus local Australians). From the results, we could see that many participants did not have a really strong stance of supporting abortion or not, only a few do. For instance, about 70% of the participants agreed that they would have different views upon abortion in different cases. The most â€Å"justified† cases would be pregnancies by rapes and economic reasons (It was logical that according to Thomson Reuters (2009), an income group of US$39,100 – $65,800 would need a total of $170,460 a year to raise up a children form 0 to 17 year old). Yet, there were enough data to test the hypothesis. There were data supporting the hypothesis. From the results, participants who did not fully support abortion were mainly female or Chinese, whom thought that abortion was inhuman and should be banned. The number made up 32. 5% of the total participants. The reason behind was that female themselves would have real experiences in giving birth so they would have deeper thoughts than male. For Chinese participants, they were young but at the same time they were also deeply influenced by a traditional style of education. The curriculum focused on teaching people to have right values stated by the Confucius and other great figures. According to Vivien (2006), the vice president for education at the Asia Society, china should move away from the traditional forms of practices and adopt a broader curriculum to achieve the goal of becoming a real modern society. Despite there were data supporting the hypothesis, it was in a small proportion. We could find more data that was contrary to it. It also proved that people at older ages might not be conservative. Participants, mostly Australians (mostly aged 45 or above), were rather Pro-Choice. It was because of the trend of abortion. It was becoming more and more common. According to a table drawn by Wm Robert Johnson (2008), the abortion percentage rose from 15. 6% in 1984 to 21. 5% in 2006 in Australia. It might also be because of the cultural background. Comparing to country like China, westernized countries emphasized more on freedom of people. From the results, there were 32. 5% of the total participants who thought abortion was acceptable at all cases. Most importantly, over 80% of them agreed that people should respect the mother’s decision. The data was supported by a report by Monash University (2002). It included a survey on AES voters and candidates (about 2000 people are surveyed a year) about their attitudes towards abortion, from 1987 to 2001. The percentage of people choosing the criteria â€Å" Woman should be able to obtain an abortion readily when they want one† rose from 38% to 59% from 1987 to 2001. On the other hand, the percentage of people choosing the criteria â€Å"abortion should not be allowed under any circumstances† dropped from 6% to 3% in that period. Another evidence was that when participants were asked about whether abortion should be legalized, 65% of them thought that it should be legalized. From the above, we could understand the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, at different ages and cultural background. Though people did not have a strong stance of supporting abortion or not, we could find more evidence showing that people were actually more Pro-Choice than Pro-Life, in other words they would be more supportive to abortion, especially in recent years where abortion was more commonly found. Recommendations: Concerning the implications of the report findings, it was quite obvious that more people in Australia were actually supportive to abortion, based on their Pro-Choice attitude and the agreement of legalizing abortion. The scale and the target groups of the report were small that might distort the real opinion throughout the country. However, based on the report findings, extended researches could be done in examining whether abortion was generally acceptable or not and the possibility to further legalize abortion, as participants of the questionnaire could already clearly state some pros and cons of legalizing abortion. The research should cover a larger target group as Australia was rather multi-cultural. People in different culture could have their views in according to the religion, which was also important in this issue and not discussed in this report. To conclude, though the report did not represent most age and cultural groups in Australia, it could be the basis of further research in testing whether legalizing abortion was possible. References: Blade 2001, â€Å"Should abortion be legalized in Queensland, Australia? †, Available at http://www. bladesplace. id. au/abortion-law-queensland. html C. Natasha 1998, â€Å"Abortion law in Australia†, Law and Bills Digest Group Family Health International 2005, â€Å"Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide†, p. 1-2 â€Å"People and Place† 2004, Monash University, vol 12, no. 4 , p. 25 S. Vivien, E. Owens 2006, â€Å"Education Abroad: The China Syndrome†, Edutopia magazine Thomson Reuters 2009, â€Å"The cost of raising children†, available at: http://moneycentral. msn. com/articles/family/kids/tlkidscost. asp Wm. Robert Johnson 2008, â€Å"Historical abortion statistics† available at: http://www. johnstonsarchive. net/policy/abortion/australia/ab-aust-qld. html How to cite People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia, Papers

Work Life Flexibility Replaces Work life - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Work Life Flexibility Replaces Work life Balance. Answer: Introduction Work life life balance is the proper engagement between the work, career and ambition and other things in life and lifestyle such as health, spending time with family, nurturing the hobbies and spiritual development through meditation. Whereas flexible working is the new way of maintaining work life balance. Flexible working means that a person in a company do work at any point of time. In todays world the work has become such a level that it requires to work may be all over the week. In that case flexible hour working is necessary. In this report there will be portrayal of the new methods adopted by the employees . Then there will be explanation of behavior of the human resource managers in unconventional methods (Agarwala et al. 2014). Then there will be the decisions and the implications of the leaders and the managers of the organization in this case. There are certain reasons for which flexible working has come into existent. The first thing is to improve the productivity of the company or organization. It will also lead to the better sustenance of the potential employees. It will lead to the reduction of the stress and tiredness of the employees. It will help the employees of the employees to spend time with family and friends. It will also permit the employees to nurture his or her passions. Thus, in short it will enable the employees to maintain the work-balance life. Thus, there will be less absentees of the employees in the organization. Moreover the company will have better customer service for these perspectives and consequently the employees will be committed to the organization. The human resources of the company will be enriched due to this decision. Different new methods adopted by the employees In this modern period one cannot expect a single shift of working. The business of any organization or companies have to interact with the clients and other business partners . Hence, in that context employees faces various challenges in the workplace and it becomes very difficult for the employees to give time to family, his or her own health and time for ones health. So, in order to solve this important issue the flexible working hour has been the new methods to solve this issue. Otherwise poor working balance leads to certain problems like the employee has to leave the job or become socially detached for excessive workplace. There are various types of flexible type of working :- The first one is the flexi time. Flexi time can be operated in different ways varying on the business requirements. On the other way there must be a procedure to permit employees to build up additional hours, which can be used to leave early, come in late, or take longer periods off, with the permission of the managers. For example in call centre the timings of the staffs are arranged in different times because the type of this business is not restricted to only one shift and the employees must also need time to maintain a work-life-balance. In this case the employees can also select the working time according to their convenience. The other type of flexible working is part time working. Part-time work is the most common type of flexible working. Part time working includes any sort of arrangement where the employee is contracted to work less than the full time hours and there is no obligation or any contract for it. The potential benefits of part time working leads to the employees to chose shifts according to their own choice. They can dedicate their time to other commitments and responsibilities. They do not have to obligate just like the permanent employees. But there lies a problem that they do not have any surety of their jobs. Another important feature is the job sharing where two people share the jobs . They share the pay and benefits in proportion to the hours each works. Joint workers or partners may work split days, split weeks or alternate weeks. It has been observed many times that the successful collaborators and partners jointly handle many large projects. It helps them to divide their work according to the potential of the workers. The benefit of this type of working is that when one person is at holiday then the other person can look after the work. It helps the employee to work without stress due to the sharing of the work. Another type of hour is annualized hours system is where the total number of hours to be worked over the year is fixed but there is flexibility over the employees daily and weekly working patterns. Typically, the times an employee is contracted to work are split into set shifts which cover the majority of the year unallocated shifts which the employee can be asked to work at short notice In some systems the employee is paid for unallocated shifts and owes the time to the company (Bader, Froese and Kraeh 2016). The company holds these hours or payback shifts in reserve and can ask employees to work them at short notice, to cover for colleagues or to cope with a peak in demand. The term 'zero hours' is generally understood to be an employment contract between an employer and a worker, where the employer is not obliged to provide the worker with any minimum hours of work. Moreover the flexible worker is not obliged to accept any hours of work that are offered to them (Golden, Chung and Sweet 2016). There is another type of flexible work which is named as Zero hours' contracts to meet a temporary or changeable need for staff. Zero hours contracts may be appropriate for some people who want occasional earnings and are able to be entirely flexible about when they work. Home working is also considered as another type of working when an employee regularly carries out all, or part of, their duties from home rat her than the employers premises. It could also be done occasionally or it could be a full time arrangement. Hence, it can be said that in todays world due to the improvement in technological aspects it is easy to do work from home (Lyonette 2013) . Hence it allows every person to balance his or her work working with the other responsibilities and commitments of life. However, flexible working is very fruitful and appropriate in todays world. But there are also some cons in this respect. The employees sometimes fail to maintain a balance while they are doing flexible work (Galea, Houkes and De Rijk 2014. There is an additional pressure on the employees who are not at all interested to do flexible work. Sometimes the employees are forced to do work which deteriorates the quality of services provided to the customers. There are some problem in communication when the employees do work from the home. Another factor is risk of undermanned of the staff when there is no business in the organization (Perlow. and Kelly 2014) . Inspite of this limitation there are importance of flexible working in nowadays. In that juncture the planning and policies of human resource managers and the contribution and the motivation of the leaders are very necessary. New Methods Implemented by the HRM In this time human resource managers must imply some different and strategic policies in order to maintain the flexible life working. They are :- The human resource managers of the company totally looks after the human resources of the company. It depends upon the human resource managers to a arge extent that how they will tackle the situation of the employees or the labourers of any factory ( Lewis et al. 2016) . The Human resource managers must listen the problems of the employees carefully and then take the proper decisions for them. The priority should be given according to the needs f each employee (Galea, Houkes and De Rijk 2014) . If necessary, they must consult with the managers in order to take exact decisions for it. The hr managers must provide look after the safety and security of the employees in that case he or she must be very particular about the policies of the employees. The arrangement and staffing of the employees is technically done by the hr managers. Hence, in that situation the hr managers must talk with the supervisor in order to deal with the situation (Skinner et al. 2014) . The hr managers must observe and supervise the facts that employee who are doing flexible shifts and part time jobs are not exploited in terms of doing extra work. Employees who are working from home needs proper communication and technological help in the home , in that situation it is very much important for the hr managers to look after this problem (Gangwisch 2014). The hr managers must also consider and help to grant certain leaves such as periodic leave. Periodic leave is granted to members of the staff of the organization who have served not less three years in a cooperation (Nam 2014) . It can be considered that the full payment of salary, pension and national insurance is continued , but this type of grant is mainly restricted to people who are in academic field (Zheng et al. 2015). There is another type of special leave with pay which is granted for very short time to attend meetings of learned societies, give papers at the conference and similar other purposes (Davies 2014). So, in present days it duty of the hr managers to look after these factors so that the employees can gain a proper life balance and also it enables the company to sustain valuable employee (Poggesi, Mari and De Vita 2015) . Implication of the Leaders and the Managers The leaders and the managers of the company plays the most vital role in a company or any organization. The leaders and managers are different types. Some leaders are mainly power wielders and profit-seeking . It is very much true that the leaders will focus on the profit and product generation of the company. But they must consider certain facts of life which is closely related to the different policies and features of corporate social responsibility (Shagvaliyeva and Yazdanifard 2014). The corporate social responsibility is inclusive of promoting work, family and community integration is an important part of corporate social responsibility which that is gaining prominence in many organization (Paul, Dutta and Saha 2015) . This is because businesses are having to recognize their impact and their force for change in much broader arena which was not issue of matter in the conventional business strategies . Work-life balance is one of the important aspect of the corporate social respon sibility (Lee, Back and Chan 2015 ). This is because this is not only related to the benefit of the organization only, it is highly connected to the wider thought process of not only does it impact on important organizational issues such as workforce diversity, it also has obvious linkages with the wider society. Employees are more than just valuable members of an organization or company , they also often have different purposes and roles within the community which are threatened when the particular organization puts unreasonable demands on their time (Smeaton, Ray and Knight 2015). A research conducted by the Roffley Park can be said that the the employees of the organization not only needs to spend time and carry out responsibilities regarding the friends and the employees but they also need to contribute to society by working in the charities (Cahill et al. 2015). This is inclusive of corporate social responsibility Flexible working is one of the option for the work-life balance and thus the term has been considered as work-life flexible working. In that circumstances sometimes flexible working creates pressure over the employees due the increasing in the productivity of the company (Yadav and Dabhade 2014). Hence in those circumstances it is very much significant for the leaders and the employees to thing about the benefits and interests of the employees. In emergency cases it is appropriate for the employees to work hard more. Otherwise it is not at all right to create pressure over the employees. Hence it depends on the leaders that in what ways they will tackle the situation. The leaders must also look after the moral an d ethical culture of the company in order to see that during the office hour the work is done in a proper way So, that the leaders and the managers can deliver adequate quantity of time for maintaining a work balance life. During the hours of flexible working .sometimes the managers are not present there, in that situation managers must recruit other leaders so that the work is done in a proper manner and the employees do not have to do extra work and it create anarchy and problem in the work place (Kim 2014) . Another crucial thing is according to different surveys and studies if the leaders and the managers of any organization does not give s excessive importance of work . But they also gives values on spending time with family and friends, and it is very much responsible in doing some charitable works then it is obvious that they will implement same policies in context to working. Research presented at the 2001 British Psychological Society conference demonstrated that senior executives who can work flexibly perform better than full-time managers do (Smith, Smith and Brower 2016). There is another study, which reflected the facts that the managers rated 70% of flexible workers higher than full-time colleagues and their own output in previous full-time work. Job sharers were also rated very positively, whereby 7 0% of job sharing executives were perceived to have 30% increased output over one person doing the same job. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the work life flexibility which is maintaining the work-life-balance depends largely on the attitude of the leaders and the managers of a company. Basically, it depends on their strategies and plans and policies of the leaders and the managers that whether the employees of the organization will able to get a s healthy lifestyle or not. Another recent research report which explored the role managers play in work-life balance in Canada which concluded that good managers are key to helping employees cope with the daily struggle of trying to balance the demands of work and home. The research, conducted by The Conference Board of Canada, highlighted the role of managers as the translators of the corporate culture and as gatekeepers to flexible work options and innovative family-friendly policies. In the Conference Board study, Canadian workers who reported having a supervisor who was sensitive to their personal/family needs had significantly higher levels of job satisfaction. They also reported missing fewer days of work than those whose supervisors were not sensitive. Reference Agarwala, T., Arizkuren-Eleta, A., Del Castillo, E., Muniz-Ferrer, M. and Gartzia, L., 2014. Influence of managerial support on worklife conflict and organizational commitment: an international comparison for India, Peru and Spain.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(10), pp.1460-1483. Bader, A.K., Froese, F.J. and Kraeh, A., 2016. Clash of Cultures? German Expatriates' Work?Life Boundary Adjustment in South Korea.European Management Review. Cahill, K.E., McNamara, T.K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M. and Valcour, M., 2015. Linking shifts in the national economy with changes in job satisfaction, employee engagement and worklife balance.Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics,56, pp.40-54. Davies, N., 2014. The work-life balance: You can now ask your employer for more flexible hours, but success is more likely if you come up with a plan that suits them as well, says Nicola Davies.Nursing Standard,29(2), pp.63-63. Galea, C., Houkes, I. and De Rijk, A., 2014. An insider's point of view: how a system of flexible working hours helps employees to strike a proper balance between work and personal life.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), pp.1090-1111. Gangwisch, J.E., 2014. Work-life balance.Sleep,37(7), p.1159. Golden, L., Chung, H. and Sweet, S., 2016. Positive and Negative Application of Flexible Working Time Arrangements: Comparing the United States and the EU Countries. Kim, H.K., 2014. Work-Life Balance and Employees' Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment.Global Business and Management Research,6(1), p.37. Lee, J.S., Back, K.J. and Chan, E.S., 2015. Quality of work life and job satisfaction among frontline hotel employees: A self-determination and need satisfaction theory approach.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(5), pp.768-789. Lewis, S., Anderson, D., Lyonette, C., Payne, N. and Wood, S., 2016. Public sector austerity cuts in Britain and the changing discourse of worklife balance.Work, Employment Society, p.0950017016638994. Lyonette, C., 2013. New ways of working and the implications for work-life balance. Nam, T., 2014. Technology use and work-life balance.Applied Research in Quality of Life,9(4), pp.1017-1040. Paul, M., Dutta, A. and Saha, P., 2015. Workplace spirituality and work-life balance: A Study among women executives of IT Sector Companies.International Journal of Management Behavioural Sciences (IJMBS),6, p.267. Perlow, L.A. and Kelly, E.L., 2014. Toward a model of work redesign for better work and better life.Work and Occupations,41(1), pp.111-134. Poggesi, S., Mari, M. and De Vita, L., 2015. Family and worklife balance mechanisms: what is their impact on the performance of Italian female service firms?.The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation,16(1), pp.43-53. Shagvaliyeva, S. and Yazdanifard, R., 2014. Impact of flexible working hours on work-life balance.American Journal of Industrial and Business Management,2014. Skinner, N., Elton, J., Auer, J. and Pocock, B., 2014. Understanding and managing worklife interaction across the life course: a qualitative study.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(1), pp.93-109. Smeaton, D., Ray, K. and Knight, G., 2015. Costs and benefits to business of adopting work life balance working practices: A literature review.UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, London. https://www. psi. org. uk/images/uploads/bis-14-903-costs-and-benefits-to-business-of-adopting-work-life-balance-working-practices-a-literature-review. p df. Accessed,4. Smith, K.T., Smith, L.M. and Brower, T.R., 2016. How Work-Life Balance, Job Performance, and Ethics Connect: Perspectives of Current and Future Accountants. InResearch on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting(pp. 219-238). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Yadav, R.K. and Dabhade, N., 2014. Work Life Balance and Job Satisfaction among the Working Women of Banking and Education SectorA Comparative Study.International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (21), pp.181-201. Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S. and Scarparo, S., 2015. Developing individual and organisational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health and wellbeing.Employee Relations,37(3), pp.354-379.

The question has been raised as to whether or not Odysseus, the hero of Homers The Odyssey, is an epic hero Essay Example For Students

The question has been raised as to whether or not Odysseus, the hero of Homers The Odyssey, is an epic hero Essay The question has been raised as to whether or not Odysseus, the hero of Homers The Odyssey, is an epic hero. An epic Hero portrays many classic properties, including being very strong and courageous. Odysseus is an epic hero, because he portrays many of these and other traits, such as having a goal that is foremost in his mind, and having descended into the underworld. An epic hero is almost overwhelmed with difficulty, often beyond that which a normal man could withstand. Not only is he confronted occasionally by danger or hopelessness; it is the entire premise of the poem. Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy Fagles 77. This it the first line of the whole poem, summing up what is going to happen as the speaker prays to the Muses, goddesses of stories. There is in fact, no other person, fictional or otherwise, in all of history, ever so besieged with difficulty, as Odysseus. We will write a custom essay on The question has been raised as to whether or not Odysseus, the hero of Homers The Odyssey, is an epic hero specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Women and goddesses often tempt epic heroes, and Odysseus is tempted too. The goddess Circe is one of the many people who tempt him, Come, sheath your sword, lets go to bed together, mount my bed and mix in the magic work of love-well breed deep trust between us Fagles 240. Though Odysseus does bed with her, he never loses sight of his hope of coming home to his wife, Penelope. A female character always aids an epic hero, and Odysseus is no exception. Near the end of his travels, Athena feels sorry for him and decides to assist him and let him go home, and once he arrives, she helps him kill the suitors that plague his house. That left the great Odysseus waiting in his hall as Athena helped him plot the slaughter of the suitors Fagles 390. Not only is this assistance by a woman, and a sure sign of an epic hero, but also a goddess assists him, and only those worthy enough can be helped by the Immortal. Odysseus is also aided and told how to get home by the Goddess Circe. You must travel down to the House Of The Dead and the awesome one, Persephone, there to consult the ghost of Tiresias, seer of Thebes Fagles 245. This is the same person who tried to tempt him, but she realizes he wont stay and decides to help him instead. The only question that can be raised about whether Odysseus is an epic hero is that he does not have a mysterious lineage. However, even though this is the case, he is mysterious, rarely letting anyone know what he is thinking or doing. I alone was to hear the voices, so she said Fagles 276. This is not true, he claims that he needs to hear in order to know when to take out the beeswax in his mens ears, but really it is simply because he wants to hear it, but of course, that is not very heroic. So He will lie in order to appear braver and stronger, emphasizing yet again that he is a hero, because a hero is not modest and will try to prove how daring and valiant he is. Odysseus also comes close to death on Calypsos island, when all his men are dead, and his boat has sunk. The queen nymph sought out the great Odysseusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and found him there on the headlands, sitting, still, weeping, his eyes never dry Fagles 157. However when he learns that he can get home, he springs to life, and is reborn, a better man. Odysseus is an epic hero, no doubt about it. Hes almost overwhelmed with difficulty, Women and goddesses often tempt him, he is aided by a female, he is mysterious, and he dies and is reborn, figuratively. There is no question that Odysseus is an epic hero, the only question, is how stubborn you are.

Biography of Carl R. Rogers

Biography of Carl R. Rogers Free Online Research Papers Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987) was an American psychologist born in Oak Park, Illinois. His parents raised him in a strict and uncompromising religious and ethical atmosphere. His father was a civil engineer and his mother was a housewife and devout Christian. His description of his early life revealed the two main trends that reflected in his later work. The first was the concern with moral and ethical matters. The second was the respect for the methods of science. Rogers started his college education at the University of Wisconsin, majoring in agriculture, but after two years he changed his professional goals and decided to enter the ministry. At age 20, during a trip to China for an international Christian conference, he started to observe commitments to other religious doctrines as well as the bitter mutual hatreds of French and German people, who he thought otherwise seemed to be likable individuals. He attended a seminar entitled Why am I joining the Ministry? Although he was deeply concerned about questions regarding the meaning of life for individuals, Rogers had doubts about specific religious doctrines. Therefore, he chose to leave the seminary, to work in the field of child guidance, and to think of himself as a clinical psychologist. Rogers then attended Teachers College, Columbia University, obtaining a M.A. in 1928 and a PhD in 1931. While completing his doctorial work, he was evolved in child study at the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Rochester, New York. He became the agency’s director in 1930. His education exposed him to both the dynamic views of Freud and the rigorous experimental methods then prevalent at Teacher College. He felt pulled in different directions between the developments of two somewhat divergent trends. In his later years he represented an effort to integrate the religious with the scientific, the intuitive with the objective, and the clinical with the statistical. In 1945, he was invited to set up a counseling center at University of Chicago. While working there he published his best work Client-centered Therapy, where he outlines his basic theory. He referred to it as counseling rather than psychotherapy. The basic elements of Carl Roger’s new way of therapy was to have a more personal relationship with the patient to help the patient reach a state of realization that they can help themselves. He did this by pushing the patient towards growth, great stress on the immediate situation rather than the past. This way the person is able to use the therapy as a way to reach a better sense of self, rather than living in an irrational world. Rogers’s theory had come to be categorized as the phenomenal field – the space of perceptions that makes up our experience. The individual constructs this inner world of experience, and the construction reflects not only the outer world of reality but the inner world of personal needs, goals, and beliefs. Inner psychological needs shape the subjective experiences that we interpret as objectively real. The key structural concept for Rogers was the self – the organization of perceptions and experiences associated with the â€Å"self†, â€Å"me,† or â€Å"I.† Also important is the concept of the ideal self, or the self concept the person would most like to possess. Although the self changes, it always retains this patterned, integrated, organized quality. Since the organized quality endures over time and characterized the individual, the self is a personality structure. Person-centered therapy is the application of the person-centered approach to the therapy situation. Other applications include a theory of personality, interpersonal relations, education, nursing, cross-cultural relations and other helping professions and situations. The application to education has a large robust research tradition similar to that of therapy. Rogers described the approach to education in Client-Centered Therapy and wrote Freedom to Learn devoted exclusively to the subject in 1969. Freedom to Learn was revised two times. The new Learner-Centered Model is similar in many regards to this classical person-centered approach to education. The application to cross-cultural relations has involved workshops in highly stressful situations and global locations including conflicts and challenges in South Africa, Central America, and Ireland. This work resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize nomination for Rogers. Research Papers on Biography of Carl R. RogersThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingResearch Process Part One

International Laws Of War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Laws Of War - Research Paper Example The laws of war comprise of a grid of formal and informal laws, practices and norms observed for a long time (Pakistan Defence, 2015). It is not necessary to make the laws obsolete. Countries will still have military conflicts to be governed by these laws.  The technological change has lacked the ability to protect the civilian population during wars. Either because it has broken the traditional law of war or it has placed more civilians on the battlefield. Warfare observers have been confused causing them to adopt unrealistic expectations that see, to be forming into normative boundaries. The military in return reacts negatively to this trend because it places limitations on their activities. The balancing of the humanitarian concerns and the military activities is what causes the formation of the international humanitarian law of war. However, the technological changes will undermine some of the assumptions of the laws of war. The assumptions include the privacy of the state and the discipline of warfare. Another issue that could destabilize the laws of war is the question of whether war distinguishes between policing and acts of terror. Legal experts have begun to focus on the many questions brought up by the advancing technology use in the military. However, the lack of attribution has remained hard to tackle due to lack of proper legislation. It is particularly difficult to determine when a nation has faced an attack or the level of available evidence showing the identity of the attacker responsible.

Change Management of People and Technology in an ERP Implementation Case Study

Change Management of People and Technology in an ERP Implementation - Case Study Example PowerIT's has decided to acquire a 3rd-party modified off-the-shelf solution. The main reason behind the implementation of the 3rd-party modified off-the-shelf solution is the less effective system development skill of the PowerIT's internal IT department. In other words we can also say that PowerIT did not want to take the risk of such huge development. Therefore PowerIT has decided to acquire 3rd-party modified off-the-shelf solution (Edwards and Humphries). In the analysis of this system the case writers have declared the different areas of the system implementation with different ranks. For example the â€Å"Software Development Expertise† regarding the 3rd-party modified off-the-shelf solution is ranked as â€Å"HIGH†. This signifies that the system development firm that is going to develop the system is possessing high quality system developers; those are having extensive expertise in the system development. In this scenario the PowerIT lacks and not have such com petent experts and professional for such a huge development. In this case in-house-development of the system can be a failure. The case writers have ranked the second aspect of the 3rd-party modified off-the-shelf solution as â€Å"HIGH† that is about the â€Å"Application Domain Expertise†. In this scenario we can also have better expertise of the overall system development through the 3rd-party modified off-the-shelf solution.

Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussions - Assignment Example The Enron fraud was revealed to the public in October 2001 and this ended up in the bankruptcy of the organization. While analyzing the Enron accounting impropriety, it appears that the company executives exploited accounting limitations with intend to create a false view of the cash flows and to prepare a misleading balance sheet. This inflated the profits. Fair accounting practices and proper annual reporting might have prevented the Enron scandal. Effect of Accounting Impropriety Although improper or illegal accounting practices may assist a firm to gain short term financial benefits, such practices can have dreadful consequences on the company in the long term. Undoubtedly, accounting malpractices will reduce stakeholder confidence in management and hence investors would be reluctant to invest in the company. This situation may adversely affect the firm’s overall financial performance. Management professionals opine that active stakeholder engagement in business is inevita ble to improve financial performance. Hence, in order to minimize the resulting impact of accounting impropriety on the business, making timely changes to the top management team and to publish proper annual reports is essential. ... Hence, it can be stated that bookkeeping constitutes the basic part or starting point of the accounting process. As Banerjee (2010) states, the scope of bookkeeping is restricted to systematic and repetitive recording of business transactions in ledger accounts through journal. In contrast, the accounting process involves the preparation of Trial Balance, Profit & Loss A/c, Income Statement, and Balance Sheet using accepted accounting principles. While bookkeeping is only a clerical job, accounting is an analytical job (p.4). Accounting Equation Accounting equation also referred to as balance sheet equation, reflects the relationship between assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity of a business. This equation is linked to the concept that total debits equal total credits. The accounting equation can be expressed as Assets = Liabilities + Capital. As accounting equation is fundamental to the double entry bookkeeping system, it can greatly support the work of professional accoun tants. More precisely, this equation is the basic idea behind the preparation of balance sheet. A good understanding of this equation can assist stakeholders, particularly investors to form potential business decisions. While making business decisions, it is important to give specific focus to liabilities rather than assets. Discussion 3 SOX and Accounting Professionals The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has been recently introduced in the United States to promote fair reporting of asset valuation. The SOX framework necessitates proper financial accounting disclosure and therefore organizations are required to produce complete information of assets, depreciation, values, and status in any accounting period (Omnix Asset Management,

Ethical Issues On Genetic Engineering Philosophy Essay

Ethical Issues On Genetic Engineering Philosophy Essay There have been over the years many ethical issues as it concerns new technologically or scientifically advancement projects and inventions. Men were afraid of using lifts the first time it was invented. Men were also afraid of the use of airplanes the first time that they were invented and even till date, there exists some group of people in some parts of the world that doesnt desire to make use of airplanes as a means of transportation due to their view that this is a bad means of transportation. It is therefore however, a point worthy of arguing the different sides taken by different individuals that exists today as it concerns the science of cloning and genetic engineering. It is of great importance to make some explanations and definition of terms. What is Cloning? According to Voneky Wolfrum Cloning is the technological process and science of creation of an identical copy of the original organism or human through the mechanism of unfertilized ovums nucleus replacement with the nucleus of a body cell from this original organism or human. (Voneky Wolfrum, 2004). This establishes the fact that the developing embryo will actually have to die. This is because once its nucleus is changed; it means that this embryo has been changed because the nucleus is its functional unit and hence its identity. This is the basis of many arguments against this science. On the other hand, the definition of genetic engineering is the act of modification and changes to the DNA structure. We will talk more on genetically engineered foods and this however can be defined as food items that their DNA structure have been changed or modified through the science of genetic enginee ring. To concentrate now on the cloning technology, it will be of great importance to productively and constructively argue out this situation. Harris stated that the initial emergence of the cloning technology was met with great obstacles by individuals, governing bodies and the socially significant post holders. (Harris, 2002). Technological challenges and constraints the most fundamental limitation is the impossibility of repetition of consciousness, and this means that we cannot talk about the full identity of individuals, as shown in some movies, but only on the conditional identity measure and the boundary of which is yet to be research, but for the support of the basis takes the identity of monozygotic twins. Failure to reach absolute purity of the experience causes some clones is not identical, for this reason that decreases the practical value of cloning. Fear of causing such things as a large percentage of failures in cloning and related possibility of the appearance of people-freaks, as well as the issues of fatherhood, motherhood, inheritance, marriage, and many others. From the point of view of the worlds major religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism), human cloning is a problematic act or an act that goes beyond dogma and demands theologians clear justification of a position religious hierarchy. The key point, which causes the greatest aversion, here is the fact that to order to obtain a clone of one human being it is necessary to kill the embryo of another human embryo. Moreover, there are ethical beliefs, social and religious beliefs that continue to emphasize the need never to allow cloning. The major reason posed by these groups of people includes; 1) the creation of man is the sole duty of God and that it is bad for humans to try to take up these duties upon themselves and 2) the killing of one person to give life to the other through the act of replacement of the embryos nucleus is considered as murder according to most religious beliefs due to the fact that they believe that the embryo is human. Some investigations show the fact that some people hereby declare their stands that hold the belief on the other side. It is the duty of man to provide all help for his life and this he can do through the increased advancements in technology. There were the periods of Stone Age culture, computer and jet age and all these portray increased advancements in technology and also portray yet the reasons for more advancement. Advancements in technologies are aimed at solving mans problems and making life easy for a man. It is through the process of cloning that the endangered animal species could be salvaged. This forms also the opportunity of help to infertile humans with the need of reproducing their like. It is a way of maintaining the existence of the gene of any great influential man that had ever lived overcoming the barrier that death poses to hinder the furtherance of the societal economic important activities of this trait. The embryo at this stage has no senses, does not breath, has no awareness of the environment and hence is not yet a human but just an organ. When we consider the therapeutic cloning that could be used instead of organ transplantation, we can appreciate the fact that cloning is a very useful aspect of medicine as it affords an easier opportunity of managing such a patient in order that there will be no such need of prescribing immunosuppressive drugs which has its own numerous deleterious side effects against the human organism. There are two main approaches to human cloning: the human reproductive cloning and the therapeutic cloning. The human reproductive cloning suggests that an individual who was born as a result of cloning, gets the name, civil rights, education, upbringing, in a word has the same life as all ordinary people. The reproductive cloning is found with many ethical, religious, legal problems, which today still have no apparent solutions. In some states, work on reproductive cloning is prohibited in law. The therapeutic cloning suggests that the embryo development is stopped for 14 days, and the embryo is used as a product to obtain stem cells. Legislators in many countries fear that the legalization of the therapeutic cloning will lead to its transition into the reproductive one. However, in the USA and UK the therapeutic cloning is allowed. In addition, it is important to mention the main types of cloning. Bacteria cloning: Cloning is the only method of reproduction for bacteria. However, usually when people talk about cloning bacteria, they mean the intentional reproduction of some bacteria, the cultivation of its clones, and culture. Natural cloning (in nature) of complex organisms: Cloning is widespread in nature in different organisms. In plants, natural cloning is done with various methods of vegetative propagation. Molecular cloning: Owing to fundamental biological discoveries of the 19-th century, namely: the discovery of cellular tissue, the invention of the electron microscope, the discovery of the cell nucleuss structure, chromosomes, the DNA and genes, scientists can make possible what is now called molecular cloning. This is the technology of cloning the smallest biological objects molecules of the DNA, their parts and even individual genes. Molecular cloning of the DNA (usually in some way modified) is incorporated into a vector (e.g., bacterial plasmid or phage genome). Cloning of multicellular organisms: The greatest public and scientists attention involve multicellular organisms cloning, which was made possible due to success of genetic engineering. By creating special conditions and interfering with the structure of the cell nucleus, the experts make it evolve into the desired tissue or even whole organism. There are complete (reproductive) and partial cloning of organisms. With the help of complete cloning it is possible to recreate the entire body as a whole but partial cloning of the organism is not fully recreated (for example, only one or another of its fabric.) Animal, higher plant cloning and human cloning. To consider the ethical issues against the use of genetic engineering on food items, it is necessary to mention the opposing side and their points of argument at first and then lay down my expository and productive counteracting points on the proposing side. The opposing sides to the usage of genetically engineered foods have the following points; 1) these foods usually have been exposed to new toxins by method of genetic engineering making them dangerous to health, 2) there is lack of full control to these processes and there could be spontaneous and unexpected outbreak of unfavorable outcomes, 3) the alteration forms could lead to death as has been recorded concerning the altered form of food supplement- L-tryptophan killing an American citizen. This is a well-known fact that genetic engineering leads to the breeding of new strains of crops with disease resistance by the manipulations that organizes the stronger genes together and the removal of the weak ones. There is also the abi lity of producing crops with added nutrients like vitamins. This is a method that ensures fast and increased rate of food production to feed the worlds growing population. This affords the opportunity of growing crops that resist pest destructions. Finally, the presence of anti-freeze gene extracted from cold water fish which can be used genetically to induce higher cold tolerance in crops and prevent their damage by cold. In conclusion, it is rational to consider convincingly with these points of scientists that improvement in technologies have to be given full support to continue as it tends more towards solving mans problems than the possible disadvantages it can bring.

The Philip Morris Anti Smoking Campaign Essay -- Essays Papers

The Philip Morris Anti Smoking Campaign Traditionally, many advertisements released by cigarette brands under the Philip Morris label have depicted happy people joined together in friendship (supposedly due to their common habit). Other advertisements attempted to associate cigarettes with sleek mystical figures, sometimes even sexually desirable ones. All this has changed, however, due to recent legal developments in which the cigarette giant was pressured to offer anti-smoking ads, in addition to the usual fictional ones depicting happy mannequins. In no way were they to advertise cigarettes, and they were mandated to help stop youth smoking. These requirements placed Philip Morris in a difficult situation. They needed to satisfy the courts, but at the same time also make their advertisements as unsuccessful as possible. To the joy of Philip Morris, Ogilvy explains that "the consumer perceives that the product is inferior and never buys it again" (103). The product is of course not a cigarette, in this case, but rather the message of the advertisement, "don't smoke". Through the use of dull visual features and two reversed advertising tactics, Philip Morris has successfully designed a campaign certain to reach no one. The side benefit of positive PR for the company, of course, was guaranteed regardless of the ad content. The first goal of this article is to attract as little attention as possible. At first glance, the eye finds no special focus point. We see two silhouettes seated at the far opposite ends of a small fishing boat out on a motionless river. It looks more like a mournful life insurance advertisement than anything else. The reader almost expects it to ask "Who will take care of your children?". There are no ... ...hat this awkward conversation was in fact their responsibility. The viewer is left feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, and unhappy. What better solution than to turn the page and gaze instead at a graceful Dorothy Hamill figure skater telling them to purchase a wonderful mysterious product named Vioxx? * Gramatically incorrect sentences used for style Works Cited Fowles, Jib. "Advertising's Fifteen Basic Appeals." Common Culture, 3rd Edition. Ed. Petracca, Michael, and Sorapure, Madeleine. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 60-77. Ogilvy, David. "What's Wrong with Advertising?" Common Culture, 3rd Edition. Ed. Petracca, Michael, and Sorapure, Madeleine. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 95-104. Solomon, Jack. "Masters of Desire." Common Culture, 3rd Edition. Ed. Petracca, Michael, and Sorapure, Madeleine. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 46-59. The Philip Morris Anti Smoking Campaign Essay -- Essays Papers The Philip Morris Anti Smoking Campaign Traditionally, many advertisements released by cigarette brands under the Philip Morris label have depicted happy people joined together in friendship (supposedly due to their common habit). Other advertisements attempted to associate cigarettes with sleek mystical figures, sometimes even sexually desirable ones. All this has changed, however, due to recent legal developments in which the cigarette giant was pressured to offer anti-smoking ads, in addition to the usual fictional ones depicting happy mannequins. In no way were they to advertise cigarettes, and they were mandated to help stop youth smoking. These requirements placed Philip Morris in a difficult situation. They needed to satisfy the courts, but at the same time also make their advertisements as unsuccessful as possible. To the joy of Philip Morris, Ogilvy explains that "the consumer perceives that the product is inferior and never buys it again" (103). The product is of course not a cigarette, in this case, but rather the message of the advertisement, "don't smoke". Through the use of dull visual features and two reversed advertising tactics, Philip Morris has successfully designed a campaign certain to reach no one. The side benefit of positive PR for the company, of course, was guaranteed regardless of the ad content. The first goal of this article is to attract as little attention as possible. At first glance, the eye finds no special focus point. We see two silhouettes seated at the far opposite ends of a small fishing boat out on a motionless river. It looks more like a mournful life insurance advertisement than anything else. The reader almost expects it to ask "Who will take care of your children?". There are no ... ...hat this awkward conversation was in fact their responsibility. The viewer is left feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, and unhappy. What better solution than to turn the page and gaze instead at a graceful Dorothy Hamill figure skater telling them to purchase a wonderful mysterious product named Vioxx? * Gramatically incorrect sentences used for style Works Cited Fowles, Jib. "Advertising's Fifteen Basic Appeals." Common Culture, 3rd Edition. Ed. Petracca, Michael, and Sorapure, Madeleine. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 60-77. Ogilvy, David. "What's Wrong with Advertising?" Common Culture, 3rd Edition. Ed. Petracca, Michael, and Sorapure, Madeleine. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 95-104. Solomon, Jack. "Masters of Desire." Common Culture, 3rd Edition. Ed. Petracca, Michael, and Sorapure, Madeleine. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001. 46-59.

Fm Transmitter

FM Transmitter Here is the schematic, PC board pattern, and parts placement for a low powered FM transmitter. The range of the transmitter when running at 9V is about 300 feet. Running it from 12V increases the range to about 400 feet. This transmitter should not be used as a room or telephone bug. PartTotal Qty. DescriptionSubstitutions C110. 001uf Disc Capacitor C215. 6pf Disc Capacitor C3,C4210uf Electrolytic Capacitor C513-18pf Adjustable Cap R11270 Ohm 1/8W Resistor270 Ohm 1/4W ResistorR2,R5,R634. 7k 1/8W Resistor4. 7K 1/4W Resistor R3110k 1/8W Resistor10K 1/4W Resistor R41100k 1/8W Resistor100K 1/4W Resistor Q1, Q222N2222A NPN Transistor2N3904, NTE123A L1, L225 Turn Air Core Coil MIC1Electret Microphone MISC19V Battery Snap, PC Board, Wire For Antenna †¢ L1 and L2 are 5 turns of 28 AWG enamel coated magnet wire wound with a inside diameter of about 4mm. The inside of a ballpoint pen works well (the plastic tube that holds the ink).Remove the form after winding then install the coil on the circuit board, being careful not to bend it. †¢ C5 is used for tuning. This transmitter operates on the normal broadcast frequencies (88-108MHz). †¢ Q1 and Q2 can also be 2N3904 or something similar. †¢ You can use 1/4 W resistors mounted vertically instead of 1/8 W resistors. †¢ You may want to bypass the battery with a . 01uf capacitor. †¢ An antenna may not be required for operation.

Kapital essays

Kapital essays When one gets down to the roots of capitalism you find that it is a form of government that allows the rich to get richer, the poor, poorer and the middle class to stay the same. Karl Marx wrote a book, Kapital about the what capitalism does to the people in a society, how it takes the humainty out of being and replaces it with x. Not only does it do that but it creates a chain of commodities, fetishisis, and alienation within a society. Commodities are at the top of this chain. A commodity is anything that is produced for exchange. They have two parts to them, the use of the commodity and its value. With women, and men the use of the human body is humanity, doing whatever it is that pleases you, whether it be riding your bike, reading, dancing, whatever, it comes down to your humanity. Their humanity is turned into a value when women have to sell their use to obtain different forms of commodities, to then exchange those commodities for more commodities. In capitalism women are defined by their bodies, and judged by what their bodies can do, and look like. Women have to sell their humanity because in capitalism thats the only thing people have to sell. In capitalism it doesnt matter who or what you are, as long as youre producing something that will make money. Women sell their humanity in different ways, there seems to be a same scale in place with womens jobs, modeling (which is at the far right), stripping (somewhere in between), and prostitution (which is at the far left). Most wouldnt connect these three with having any basic ground (maybe stripping The outcome that that has is profound. Not only does it effect women, and girls, it effects boys and men. Their images of women become so distorted that ...

How to Teach the Present Perfect Continuous

How to Teach the Present Perfect Continuous The present perfect continuous form is often confused with the present perfect. Indeed, there are many instances in which the present perfect continuous can be used as well as the present perfect. For example: Ive worked here for twenty years. OR Ive been working here for twenty years.Ive played tennis for twelve years. OR Ive been playing tennis for twelve years. The main emphasis in the present perfect continuous is on expressing how long the current activity has been happening. Its best to stress that the present perfect continuous form is used for shorter periods of time to express how long that particular action has been taking place. Ive been writing for thirty minutes.Shes been studying since two oclock. In this manner, youll help students understand that the present perfect continuous is used to express the length of a current action. Compare this to cumulative length for which we tend to use the present perfect, although the present perfect continuous can be used. Introducing the Present Perfect Continuous Start by Speaking about the Length of Current Actions Introduce the present perfect continuous by asking students how long theyve been studying in the current class on that day. Extend this to other activities. Its a good idea to use a magazine with photos and ask questions about how long the person in the photo has been doing a particular activity. Length of Current Activity Heres an interesting photo. Whats the person doing? How long has the person been doing XYZ?What about this one? He looks like hes getting ready for a party. I wonder if you can tell me how long hes been getting ready for the party. Result of Activity Another important use of the present perfect continuous is to explain what has been happening that has caused a present result. Stating results and asking questions are effective in teaching this use of the form. His hands are dirty! What has he been doing?Youre all wet! What have you been doing?Hes tired. Has he been studying for a long time? Practicing the Present Perfect Continuous Explaining the Present Perfect Continuous on the Board Use a timeline to illustrate the two principal uses of the present perfect continuous. With such a long string of helping verbs, the present perfect continuous can be a bit confusing. Make sure that students understand the construction by providing a structural chart like the one below: Subject have been verb(ing) objectsHe has been working for three hours.We havent been studying for long. Repeat for the negative and interrogative forms as well. Make sure students understand that the verb have is conjugated. Point out that questions are formed with How long ... for the length of an activity, and What have you ... for explanations of current results. How long have you been sitting there?.What have you been eating? Comprehension Activities Its a good idea to compare and contrast both the present perfect and present perfect continuous when first teaching this tense. At this point in their studies, students should be able to handle working with two related tenses. Use lessons that focus on the differences to help them distinguish usage. Quizzes testing present perfect or perfect continuous use also help students become familiar with the two tenses. Present perfect and continuous dialogues can also help with practicing the differences. Also, make sure to review non-continuous or stative verbs with students. Challenges With the Present Perfect Continuous The main challenge students will face with the present perfect continuous is understanding that this form is used to focus on shorter lengths of time. I find its a good idea to use a common verb such as teach to illustrate the difference. For example: Ive taught English for many years. Today, Ive been teaching for two hours. Finally, students may still have difficulties with the use of for and since as time expressions with this tense.

Evaluate the validity of the reasons given by Thomas Moore for his Essay

Evaluate the validity of the reasons given by Thomas Moore for his condemnation of William Tyndale's english translation of the New Testament - Essay Example translation survived, since they were all burnt, nevertheless the New Testament translations in English as we know it today are largely the fruit of the work of William Tyndale. However, this same work was not well received in his time, largely due to the strict beliefs of the Catholic church, and this was also the grounds for the conflict in the views of Thomas Moore and William Tyndale. The major reasons for Moore’s condemnation of Tyndale’s work may be listed as follows: (a) faulty translation of certain words which provided scope for distortion of the scriptural message (b) the notion that such faulty translation made Tyndale a hypocrite and a dangerous heretic (c) the fact that Tyndale supported the King of England as the Head of the Church, thereby seriously undermining the established hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the Pope was the leader. This further substantiated Moore’s condemnation of Tyndale as a man rebelling against the Catholic c hurch. The Catholics believed in the Pope as being the head of the Church and Thomas Moore was a staunch Catholic who believed that it was indeed the Pope who had the right to be hailed as the Head of the Church. However, Tyndale offered a different view on this, that it was actually the Monarch of England who was the head of the Church, since in those days Henry VIII was the ruling head of England. Tyndale approved of the Monarch as being the Head of the Church, so long as that Monarch obeyed God. The brunt of Tyndale’s ire was expended against the corrupt church practices that existed in the Catholic church at the time and he was intent upon bringing the contents of the New testament to the attention of the lay people. The only means to do this was to translate the original Latin and Hebrew of the New Testament into simple English so that the masses among the English public would also be able to understand it. This was also in accordance with the encouragement that Tyndale provided to the

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Case study - Essay Example As a sole proprietor, Megan is responsible for decisions of the business and therefore enjoys autonomy over her creativity plans. This will also protect her business from possible takeover by competitors such as Bean Counters. As a sole decision maker under sole proprietorship, Megan reserves the power to determine when the business goes public, and percentage of shares to offer, but any other form of business will deprive her of such autonomy. As a sole proprietor, Megan is also able to borrow finances, without any internal opposition, for financing her operations. Since her acquaintances are willing to offer different forms of help, she can incorporate them as creditors, employees, or volunteers to the business. Other forms of business organizations such as partnership and companies will however limit her power over the business (Miller and Jentz 353- 357). In managing threats from her employees’ engagement in competitive businesses, Megan can create contracts with her employees that prohibits the employees from engaging in competitive activities with a given duration (Miller and Jentz 200-

Negative stereotype of Chinese Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Negative stereotype of Chinese Americans - Essay Example Related to this is the notion that the Chinese "somaticize" their emotions. In this view, rather than expressing/experiencing emotions verbally and behaviorally, the Chinese manifest emotions as physical or bodily symptoms related to illness. If true, this "somaticizing" of emotions may provide a culturally condoned outlet for emotional expression (e.g., complaining of a stomach ache when angry) when other forms of expressions may be considered inappropriate (e.g., yelling at your employer). A somewhat different understanding of Chinese emotions, proposed by Potter (1988, 59), is that emotions lack social significance in the collectivistic Chinese culture and thus are less relevant than they are in the individualistic American culture. The underlying assumption here is that emotions are more disruptive to the social harmony than they are helpful. In this view, emotional expression in Chinese culture is not so much discouraged or suppressed, but rather it is ignored. Potter described attitudes toward emotional displays in China as that of indifference, as evidenced by a statement by one of her cultural informants: "How I feel does not matter!" Although the underlying dynamic in Potter's model is quite different from that of Kleinberg, Wu and Tseng, and others, both models may lead to the same result: low levels of emotional experience and sparse emotional displays. Empirical tests of these n... Tsai and Levenson (2000, 37) found support for emotional moderation in Chinese culture in a study comparing Chinese American and European American dating couples who had unrehearsed conversations about their relationship. Chinese American couples reported fewer periods of positive emotion and showed less variability in their reported emotional experience than European American couples. Other studies of emotion in Chinese culture have not directly measured emotional responding, but rather have examined qualities of emotional judgments. Ekman et al. (1987, 97) found that college students from Asian countries (Hong Kong, Japan, Sumatra) attributed less emotional intensity than students from non-Asian countries to photographs of facial expressions posed by Caucasians. Matsumoto (1993, 55) reported a similar pattern of lower intensity ratings for Asian Americans using photographs of facial expressions posed by both Caucasians and Japanese. Consistent with ethnographic views reviewed earli er, Matsumoto also found that Asian participants rated the emotional expressions as being less "appropriate" under various social situations than did Caucasian participants. Health care and social services providers face numerous challenges in meeting the health and wellness needs of Chinese Americans. In designing a strategy of care for this population, providers must understand that poverty, limited English skills, and noncitizenship status all serve as significant barriers to access and use. Providers must also consider the population's unique cultural beliefs and practices as well as address its most pressing social concerns. A strategy to increase accessibility for and use of health care services among Chinese Americans may well

Olympics Essay Example for Free

Olympics Essay The Olympic games were brought back by a man named Pierre de Coubertin when he made a speech to the Athletic Society of France in 1892 (Doc 1). Since the games came back they have shaped the economies, national pride and the social changes in multiple countries. The economies of the countries who host the Olympic games generally have a boost in the economy. With a few exceptions like South Korea. Even with the Olympic games being hosted in Seoul, none of their companies were selected as top sponsors. â€Å"Korean companies are not on the list.  Korea failed to avail itself of an opportunity to display its industrial and economic power to a worldwide television audience. † (Doc 7) One country that always contributed to the games was the United States. In 1980 when the games were hosted in Moscow, the USA contributed less than 200 million. Twenty years later in the year 2000, they contributed over 1,200 million when the games were hosted in Sydney. (Doc 9) Many of the documents shown had national pride behind them. Many critics talked highly of the Soviet Union when the Olympic games were to be held in Moscow for the 1980 games. Saying that the Soviet Union â€Å"is a beacon of peace, democracy, and social progress. † (Doc 6) But when it came to what they Americans thought, it was far from that. Bob Matthias form the United States, once said â€Å"You just loved to beat’em. You just had to beat’em. † (Doc 4) This is because of the long rival that these two countries have had ever since the cold war had started. His perception of the Russians was skewed because he had a long standing with them. He didn’t see them as real competitors. Some countries always went up and down, like Pakistan. There â€Å"social values which have shrunk from that of national pride to self-promotion. † (Doc 10) Ali Kabir, a sports writer states that they have lost what has once made them great, and that is work. â€Å"The current national team is clueless and has tarnished the country’s name. † For a few countries it was more than national pride, for Japan it was more of a national crusade. They felt that this was a perfect time to come back as a world trade power. (Doc 5) For other countries like Germany, it was also more than just national pride. For Hitler it was a way to show that Germans were superior. He always made protests that always helped the Germans and no one else. (Doc 3) Although he was less concerned about medals, he was more concerned about gaining propaganda. Women were on the bottom of the totem pole during that start of the Olympics in 1896. When the games were hosted in Great Britain in 1908, only two percent of athletes were women. (Doc 2) It would take a long time for women to take root in the Olympics. In 1992 the games were held in Spain and twenty nine percent of the athletes were women. A woman named Hassiba Boulmerka once said â€Å"My victories give me confidence, and they give confidence to my country. I represent my country and all the women I my country who aspire to be athletes. † (Doc 8) A document I would like to have seen would be one containing a record of how a restaurant would have increased sales. This would have shown how wealth effects the modern Olympics. The Olympics helped increase revenue in the surrounding areas of the stadiums. They produced massive amounts of national pride and the social status of women is still evolving.

Santa Claus By Howard Nemerov English Literature Essay

Santa Claus By Howard Nemerov English Literature Essay In the poem the Santa Claus by Howard Nemerov, the poet who is Mr. Nemeroy has out rightly shows his recent for the Santa Claus, it is noted that Santa Clauses are frequently seen during the Chrismas seasons. This is when they are seen all over the towns giving gifts to children, and in this poem the poet is highly against the activities of the Santa Clauses as he sis really seen during the festive season a period which is seen as a very happy moment in the Christians calendar as the son of God Jesus Christ the savior of the world is born. They arent seen and available during the Easter seasons which is a sad day in the Christians calendar as the only son and savior of the world dies on the cross for the sins of the Christians. This is clearly experienced in the poem Santa Claus by Howard Nemerov, this is when the poet uses figurative language in airing out recent of the Santa Claus figurative language or speech is a form of literary style that describes something through the use of unusual comparisons (Nemerov, 2011). This style is usually used by the poet to make things clearer for the readers, the poet also use figurative speech to make his work interesting, and at the same time increased effects in the piece of work. It should be noted that use of figurative language in any piece of work doesnt literary mean what is implied by the poet or artist. In the poem Santa Claus by Howard Nemerov, Mr. Nemerov, has used several figurative language that has helped him drive his points shim an example in the poem is when he says He teaches the innocent to want, thus keeps Our fat world rolling. This is an action that clearly indicates that he doesnt like the Santa clause, which to my own thinking I believe that this line in the poem says that the Santa Claus comes into the world during the Christmas season with the aim of giving gifts to the children and people. The Santa Claus will ultimately make the people to share there presents during the Christmas festive season instead of spreading these gifts through out the year especially during Easter seasons at a time when the savior is crucified for the sins of the Christians. The poem Santa Claus by Howard Nemerov, the poet has used a various numbers of figurative languages in his attempt to show his recent to the Santa Claus as in the line in the poem The merest soupcon, of brimstone and the pit. In this line the poet is emphasizing on the problems that are encountered when the Santa Claus is performing his duties. In the poem the poet indicates that the Santa Claus is giving out small gifts especially to children in the pretence of sharing their joy with them during this festive season but as a result of this the children will only be blinded by the kinds of presents they receive from the Santa Claus. Its from this statement that the poet ventured into the different ways that the Santa Claus use to bring the children into sharing and giving out of gifts (Nemerov, 2011). He has major criticized the quantity and quality of the gifts that are given out to the children. Figure of speech is also used in the poem is the At Easter, hes anonymous again, Just one of the crowd lunching on Calvary. This is where the poet in hyperbolized the Santa Claus, at this point the poet associates the Santa Claus to be a person who isnt very keen on following the ways of the savior, in that they disappear during the time when the son of God is crucified and they dont spread the peace in the society that they live in through out. Therefore these kind of people are only linked with the spreading and sharing of joy to the people at the time of birth of the messiah. On the day of his crucifixion a time in which the Christians are supposed to spread love and share gifts and from the word anonymous as in the poem it clearly indicates that thee Santa Claus doesnt appear any where close to the messiah in order to share the love at this sad moments. The poet has also used allegory figurative language in his work as in the following sentence His prescribed costume, White flannel beard, red belly of cotton waste. Conceals the thinness of essential hunger this figurative style states that everything that is inside represents another thing that is outside. This is when the poet artistically satirizes the costumes of the Santa Claus by stating that the clothes that are worn by the are very huge and massive thus used to show that the Santa Claus is a very big and old person but in real sense the person that is wearing the cloth is a young person and in the process the individual will use that as an opportunity to make the children believe in his principles. Yet they cant be able to be able to sustain the doctrines of there practice through out the year. Symbolism has been used in the poem when the poet criticized the Santa Claus by failing to share there good deeds in times when the children needed to share and spread love this is when he states (Nemerov, 2011). This annual savior of the economy Speaks in the parables of the dollar sign, this is a form in which the poet criticized the ways in which the Santa Claus asked the children to share with there friend only during the Christmas holidays while they dont practice it through out the year. Symbolism is used in the poem, were as symbolism means something that stand for something else, in the poem the poet has à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when the Child is born To suffer for the world, suffer the world, the poet has used the child in that point to indicate that the Santa Claus is always seen on the Chrismas times a time when the child which represents Jesus Christ, therefore making it easy to understand the concept of the poet. Allusion is another figurative language that is used in the poem as it refers to a person theme place or event in history or current culture, in the poem Santa Claus by Howard Nemerov, the theme and setting of the poem is during the Chrismas season, this is a time when the Santa Claus are mostly in the streets and they tend to offer the children with surprise gifts during the Chrismas season. In conclusion the poet of this poem Santa Claus by Howard Nemerov has showed a negative feeling towards the Santa Claus this can be expressed by the tone that the poet has used an example is when he uses the harsh tone of describing the name of the Santa class as a thing that gives out a stench as in the line (Nemerov, 2011). His name itself is corrupted, and even Saint Nicholas, in his turn, Gives off a faint and reminiscent stench this is an a harsh tone that makes the reader experience the recent the poet has for the Santa Claus.

The Wealth of Nations Essay -- essays research papers

In 1759 Adam Smith, then a thirty-six year old Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow University, published his Theory of Moral Sentiments. This work attracted the attention of the guardians of the immensely wealthy Duke of Buccleuch towards retaining its author as a tutor to the youthful Duke whilst on a protracted, and hopefully educational, "Grand Tour" of continental Europe. While tutoring from 1763 Adam Smith found some of the time spent in the French provinces hard to fill and seems to have begun his masterpiece An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, as a way of taking up otherwise idle hours in the summer of 1764. Overall however he derived much personal philosophical benefit from these months of journeying on the continent. In Paris he met amongst others, the "Physiocrat" economic theorist (and court Physician) Quesnay and the French Ministers, Turgot and Necker. The French economic policy, during these times were conducted in accordance with the "Mercantilism"(the theory and system of political economy prevailing in Europe after the decline of feudalism, based on national policies of accumulating bullion, establishing colonies and a merchant marine, and developing industry and mining to attain a favorable balance of trade) that had held sway in the economic thinking of Europe for some three centuries. Mercantilism expected that governmental control would be exercised over industry and trade in accordance with the theory that national strength (i.e. the Royal states treasury) is increased by a preponderance of exports over imports. By nature, back then France was fitted to be a great agricultural country, a great producer and exporter of corn and wine; but French legislators for several generations had wanted to counteract the apparently natural bias of French economic life towards agriculture, and had tried to make France an exporter of manufactured goods. Like most legislators in those times, they had been prodigiously impressed by the ambitious position which the maritime powers, as they were then called (the comparatively little powers of England and Holland), were able to take in the politics of Europe. They saw that this influence came from wealth, that this wealth was made in trade and manufacture, and therefore they dete... ...one constitutes the ultimate aim and end of economic life. Although Economics has moved on in many was from the outlook and policies endorsed in the Wealth of Nations that epoch-making publication remains as perhaps the most famous economics book of all time. Governments in search of a strengthening of their states through economic policy, and many individuals in search of personal gain, have all drawn lessons from its pages. Powerful movements that led to the emergence of Modern Capitalism were substantially based on Smith's work and hence he deserves to be regarded as one of the most dramatically influential philosophers or philosophic writers of modern times. This book is a comprehensive and systematic theory of an economy. It shows the connections and relationships among variables. The Wealth of Nations also talks about the division of labor. Smith states that the division of labor starts the process of economic growth. One growth is started, accumulation keeps it going. There are three benefits of division of labor. First; increase in skill and dexterity. Second; save time in moving from job to job. And lastly, the invention of new machinery.